Typhoid fever infection – Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review

نویسندگان

چکیده

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries. In high-income territories, typhoid predominantly travel-related, consequent to travel typhoid-endemic regions; however, data show that level of vaccination travellers low. Successful management using antibiotics becoming increasingly difficult due drug resistance; emerging resistance has spread geographically factors such as increasing connectivity, affecting those endemic regions alike. This review provides an overview of: epidemiology diagnosis fever; emergence drug-resistant strains setting; observed travellers; vaccines currently available prevent vaccine recommendations for people living strategies introduction stakeholders programmes; selection destinations with medium or high incidence fever.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1873-0442', '1477-8939']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101946